Brown Spot on Eye: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

What Is a Brown Spot on Eye?

A brown spot on the eye is a small dark or pigmented area that appears on the white part (sclera), the coloured part (iris), or the surface layer (conjunctiva) of the eye.

Brown spot on eye

These spots form because of melanin, the natural pigment that gives colour to our eyes, skin, and hair.

Other common names include:

  • Eye freckle
  • Ocular nevus
  • Pigmented eye lesion

Most brown spots are harmless and do not affect vision. Some people are born with them, while others notice them later in life. However, if the spot changes in size, shape, or colour, it should be checked by an eye specialist.


What Causes Brown Spot on Eye?

Several factors can lead to the development of a Brown Spot on Eye.

Natural Melanin and Genetics

Some people naturally have more melanin. If eye freckles run in your family, you may develop one too.

Sun Exposure

Long exposure to ultraviolet rays increases melanin production and may cause brown spots in eyes.

Ageing

As we grow older, pigmentation changes can slowly appear in the eyes.

Inflammation or Medications

Eye infections, irritation, or some medicines may lead to pigmentation changes.

Rare Abnormal Cell Growth

In rare cases, a brown spot may be a sign of ocular melanoma (eye cancer). This is uncommon but requires early diagnosis.


Types of Brown Spot on Eye

The following are the types which are seen in persons:

Types of brown spot on eye

Conjunctival Nevus

  • Appears on the white part of the eye
  • Common in children and young adults
  • Usually harmless.

Iris Nevus

  • Appears on the coloured part of the eye
  • Looks like a freckle
  • Normally stable but should be monitored

Primary Acquired Melanosis (PAM)

  • Mostly seen in adults
  • Appears as flat brown pigmentation
  • Some cases need close follow-up as they may develop into cancer

How Common Is Brown Spot on Eye?

1. Around 5–10% of people may develop iris freckles.

2. Conjunctival nevus is common in children and young adults.

3. PAM usually affects middle-aged or older adults.

4. Ocular melanoma is rare.

The good news: Most brown eye spots are non-cancerous.


Risk Factors of Brown Spot on Eye

You may have a higher chance of developing a brown eye spot if you:

Risk factors of brown spot on eye

Genetics and Family History

People with family history of eye freckles may develop pigmentation.

Excess Sun Exposure

UV radiation is one of the major causes of pigmented eye spots.

Ageing

Age-related changes increase melanin deposits in eye tissues.

Eye Injury or Inflammation

Chronic irritation may lead to pigmentation changes.


Symptoms vs Normal Signs of Brown Spot on Eye

Normal Signs (Usually Harmless)

1. Small and flat brown spot

2. No pain

3. No vision problems

4. No change over time

Warning Symptoms

1. Rapid increase in size

2. Change in colour or irregular borders

3. Raised or thick spot

4. Redness, irritation, or blurred vision

5. Bleeding from the spot

If you notice any of these symptoms, consult an eye specialist immediately.


Self-Monitoring Tips for Brown Spot on Eye

You can monitor your eye safely at home:

  • Take clear photos every few months
  • Check for changes in size or colour
  • Avoid rubbing your eyes
  • Wear UV-protected sunglasses
  • Get yearly eye checkups

Difference Between Brown Spot on Eye and Skin Mole

Feature Brown Spot on Eye Skin Mole
Location Inside or surface of eye Skin surface
Risk Monitoring Requires ophthalmologist Requires dermatologist
Impact May affect vision Usually cosmetic
Treatment Eye-specific laser or surgery Skin procedures

When to Visit an Eye Specialist

You should consult an eye doctor if you notice:

  • A new brown spot that appeared suddenly
  • Growth or colour change in an existing spot
  • Eye pain or irritation
  • Blurred vision
  • Raised or bleeding pigmentation

Early consultation helps prevent complications and ensures safe treatment.


Diagnosis of Brown Spot on Eye

Doctors use advanced technology to examine brown eye freckles.

Slit-Lamp Examination

Provides detailed magnified view of the eye.

Fundus Photography

Tracks changes in pigmentation over time.

OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and Ultrasound

Check thickness and depth of lesions.

Biopsy

Performed only when cancer risk is suspected.


Advanced Treatment Options for Brown Spot on Eye

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the pigmentation.

Regular Monitoring

Most harmless spots require observation only.

Laser Treatment

Used for cosmetic removal of non-dangerous pigmentation.

Surgical Removal

Recommended when malignancy or discomfort occurs.

Oncology-Based Eye Treatment

Used in rare melanoma cases with advanced technology.


Prevention Tips for Brown Spot on Eye

Though prevention is not always possible, risk can be reduced by:

  • Wearing UV-protected sunglasses
  • Avoiding excessive sunlight exposure
  • Maintaining regular eye checkups
  • Treating eye infections early
  • Avoiding eye rubbing or chemical exposure

Living With Brown Spot on Eye

Most people live comfortably with brown pigmentation in the eye without any vision problems. Regular monitoring helps detect early changes. Understanding harmless and dangerous eye freckles reduces anxiety and improves eye care awareness.


FAQs About Cataract Prevention

  • 01.Is Brown Spot on Eye dangerous?

    Most cases are harmless eye freckles, but sudden changes in size, shape, or colour require medical evaluation.

  • 02.Can Brown Spot on Eye go away naturally?

    Usually, these spots remain stable. Some cosmetic treatments can remove pigmentation if required.

  • 03.What causes Brown Spot on Eye to appear suddenly?

    Sudden spots may occur due to UV exposure, ageing, inflammation, or rarely abnormal cell growth.

  • 04.How is Brown Spot on Eye treated?

    Treatment includes monitoring, laser removal, or surgery depending on the type and risk level.

  • 05.Can children develop Brown Spot on Eye?

    Yes, conjunctival nevus often appears in children and usually remains harmless.

  • 06.Is Brown Spot on Eye a sign of cancer?

    Rarely, it may indicate ocular melanoma. Regular eye checkups help early detection.


A Brown Spot on Eye is usually a harmless pigmentation caused by melanin deposits. Most eye freckles remain stable and do not affect vision. However, monitoring size, colour, and shape changes is essential.

Regular eye checkups, UV protection, and early diagnosis help maintain long-term eye health and prevent complications.