Keratoconus: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

Keratoconus is a non-contagious eye disorder that involves the cornea of the eye. The cornea is the front, clear section of the eye. With a normal and healthy eye, the cornea is round. In the case of keratoconus, the cornea is weak and thin. This leads to an impact on the penetration of light into the eye.

It typically affects both eyes, although one of them may be affected more seriously than the other. The condition is not life-threatening. However, if not treated, then the consequences that they can have on a normal life can be very severe. The simplest of tasks, such as reading, driving or using a phone, can be difficult. This can be slowed down or prevented with an early diagnosis and the treatment at the appropriate time, and save vision.

what is keratoconus

Causes of Keratoconus

There is no single clear cause of keratoconus. Doctors believe it develops due to a combination of factors. Common causes and risk factors are as fellows:

Cornea structure
  • Genetic Factors: Keratoconus may be transferred to the children of the parents. The risk is increased, however, in case one has a close relative in the family with keratoconus. The exact genes are yet to be studied. The condition is not guaranteed for all people with a family history, but there is are high probability.
  • Eye Allergies: Individuals experiencing eye allergies over a long duration are most likely to experience eye itchiness and irritation. This leads to rubbing of the eyes. The slow damage to the cornea is a result of constant rubbing.
  • Weak Corneal Structure: Some people are born with corneas that are naturally weaker than normal. The collagen fibers of their cornea are less strong. Because of this, the cornea is unable to retain its round shape correctly. Over time, it becomes thin and cone-shaped. These persons may get keratoconus without having other risk factors.
  • Associated Medical Conditions: Keratoconus is more prevalent in individuals who have some medical conditions. These include genetic and connective tissue disorders. Such conditions have an impact on the strength of the body tissue, including the cornea. Poor tissue support predisposes the cornea to thinning and bulging. People with these conditions need to have regular eye check-ups of their eyes.

Early Signs and Symptoms of Keratoconus

In the early stage, symptoms are mild and easy to miss. Many people think they only need a new glasses prescription, but that’s not right, you may notice:

Double vision symptom of keratoconus
  • Blurred or hazy vision: Vision blurred or hazy can be due to loss of normal cornea shape.
  • Frequent replacement of the power of glasses or contact lenses. Vision is not fixed; hence, the powers in a pair of glasses or a contact lens may change as well.
  • Ghost images or double vision: It may be doubled or shadowed; objects may be doubled or shadowed, and this is particularly in one eye.
  • Issues of night vision: Low-light conditions may increase the amount of halos and affect vision acuity.
  • Eye strains and headaches: It can be a source of tiredness in the eyes and regular headaches because of continuous work with attention.

As the condition progresses, glasses may no longer provide clear vision. Specialized contact lenses or medical treatment then become necessary.


Keratoconus Treatment Options

1. Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) Contact Lenses

As keratoconus progresses, RGP lenses are commonly prescribed. These lenses are positioned beneath the cornea and serve to provide a smooth surface for light to be reflected. This ensures improvement in vision, better than glasses. RGP lenses may feel uncomfortable at first. Most patients adjust over time with proper fitting.

RGP lenses for keratoconus

2. Advanced Contact Lenses for Keratoconus

When RGP lenses are not suitable, advanced lenses are used.

  • Scleral Lenses
    These large lenses rest on the white part of the eye. They do not touch the cornea, making them very comfortable. They provide excellent vision even in advanced cases.
  • Hybrid Lenses
    These lenses have a rigid center and a soft outer edge. They offer good vision with improved comfort.

3. Corneal Transplant Surgery

When keratoconus becomes severe and other treatments fail, surgery may be needed.

Types of Corneal Transplant:

  • Partial Thickness Transplant: In this transplant, the inner layers that are healthy remain untouched. This has the benefit of conserving more natural eye tissue of the patient. The recovery is generally quicker than that of a complete transplant. The chances of rejection are less as well.
  • Full-Thickness Transplant: During a full-thickness transplant of the cornea, a whole cornea is substituted with a donor cornea. It is employed in highly complicated cases of the disease. It is prescribed in case of extreme thinning or scarring.

FAQs About Keratoconus

  • 01.Is keratoconus curable?

    Keratoconus cannot be completely cured. However, its course may be decreased or arrested by the assistance of timely treatment. Vision can be successfully treated with glasses, specialty contact lenses, or surgery if needed.

  • 02.Does keratoconus lead to blindness?

    Keratoconus never causes complete blindness. Even in very advanced cases, there is at all times some extent of vision. With proper treatment and regular follow-ups, most people have useful vision. Modern treatments have had a tremendous improvement in the long term.

  • 03.Is keratoconus painful?

    Keratoconus is not normally painful. It affects mostly the clarity of vision and not the comfort of the eyes. Some people may experience some mild irritation from dry eyes or contact lenses. Severe pain is not a common symptom.

  • 04.At what age does keratoconus stop progressing?

    Keratoconus typically advances in adolescence and early adulthood. It even starts to level in a lot of individuals at the age of 35 to 40. The progression varies with each individual, though. To be able to track the changes, it is important to check the eyes regularly.

  • 05.Can Keratoconus be prevented?

    Keratoconus is not always preventable, particularly in the case of genetics. However, not rubbing the eyes can greatly reduce the risk of progression. Treating eye allergies at an early stage helps avoid constant eye rubbing. Early eye care is a major role in the protection of corneal health.


What Our Experts Say

Keratoconus can be worrying, especially in the beginning, when, with no warning, the vision will begin to change. This limits the possibility of having severe vision loss in the future. At Save Sight Centre, we put little emphasis on either early detection or personal treatment. Every patient is different, and care plans are customized according to individual needs. We have advanced diagnostic tools to detect keratoconus at its earliest stages, so that many times the disease can be detected before the symptoms worsen.